双语原著||共产党宣言 - 读经典

　　《共产党宣言》双语名句摘编

　　一个幽灵，共产主义的幽灵，在欧洲游荡。为了对这个幽灵进行神圣的围剿，旧欧洲的一切势力，教皇和沙皇、梅特涅和基佐、法国的激进党人和德国的警察，都联合起来了。

　　——摘自《共产党宣言》，人民出版社，2018年，第26页。

　　A spectre is haunting Europe—the spectre of Communism. All thePowers of old Europe have entered into a holy alliance to exorcisethis spectre: Pope and Czar, Metternich and Guizot, French Radicalsand German police-spies.

　　——Karl Marx, Frederick Engels. Marx & Engels COLLECTED Works,vol.6, London: Lawrence & Wishart,2010,p.481.

　　至今所有一切社会的历史都是阶级斗争的历史。

　　自由民和奴隶、贵族和平民、领主和农奴、行会师傅和帮工，一句话，压迫者和被压迫者，始终处于相互对立的地位，进行不断的、有时隐蔽有时公开的斗争，而每一次斗争的结局都是整个社会受到革命改造或者斗争的各阶级同归于尽。

　　——摘自《共产党宣言》，人民出版社，2018年，第27页。

　　The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles.

　　Freeman and slave, patrician and plebeian, lord and serf, guild-master and journeyman, in a word, oppressor and oppressed, stood in constant opposition to one another, carried on an uninterrupted, now hidden, now open fight, a fight that each time ended, either in a revolutionary re-constitution of society at large, or in the common ruin of the contending classes.

　　——Karl Marx, Frederick Engels. Marx & Engels COLLECTED Works,vol.6, London: Lawrence & Wishart,2010,p.482.

　　从封建社会的灭亡中产生出来的现代资产阶级社会并没有消灭阶级对立。它只是用新的阶级、新的压迫条件、新的斗争形式代替了旧的。

　　但是，我们的时代，资产阶级时代，却有一个特点：它使阶级对立简单化了。整个社会日益分裂为两大敌对的阵营，分裂为两大相互直接对立的阶级：资产阶级和无产阶级。

　　——摘自《共产党宣言》，人民出版社，2018年，第28页。

　　The modern bourgeois society that has sprouted from the ruins offeudal society has not done away with class antagonisms. It has butestablished new classes, new conditions of oppression, new forms ofstruggle in place of the old ones.

　　Our epoch, the epoch of the bourgeoisie, possesses, however, thisdistinctive feature: it has simplified the class antagonisms. Society asa whole is more and more splitting up into two great hostile camps,into two great classes directly facing each other: Bourgeoisie andProletariat.

　　——Karl Marx, Frederick Engels. Marx & Engels COLLECTED Works,vol.6, London: Lawrence & Wishart,2010,p.485.

　　资产阶级在历史上曾经起过非常革命的作用。

　　资产阶级在它已经取得了统治的地方把一切封建的、宗法的和田园般的关系都破坏了。它无情地斩断了把人们束缚于天然首长的形形色色的封建羁绊，它使人和人之间除了赤裸裸的利害关系，除了冷酷无情的“现金交易”，就再也没有任何别的联系了。

　　——摘自《共产党宣言》，人民出版社，2018年，第30页。

　　The bourgeoisie, historically, has played a most revolutionary part.

　　The bourgeoisie, wherever it has got the upper hand, has put an end to all feudal, patriarchal, idyllic relations. It has pitilessly torn asunder the motley feudal ties that bound man to his "natural superiors", and has left remaining no other nexus between man and man than naked self-interest, than callous "cash payment".

　　——Karl Marx, Frederick Engels. Marx & Engels COLLECTED Works,vol.6, London: Lawrence & Wishart,2010,p.486-487.

　　资产阶级抹去了一切向来受人尊崇和令人敬畏的职业的神圣光环。它把医生、律师、教士、诗人和学者变成了它出钱招雇的雇佣劳动者。

　　资产阶级撕下了罩在家庭关系上的温情脉脉的面纱，把这种关系变成了纯粹的金钱关系。

　　——摘自《共产党宣言》，人民出版社，2018年，第30页。

　　The bourgeoisie has stripped of its halo every occupation hithertohonoured and looked up to with reverent awe. It has converted thephysician, the lawyer, the priest, the poet, the man of science, into itspaid wage-labourers.

　　The bourgeoisie has torn away from the family its sentimental veil, and has reduced the family relation to a mere money relation.

　　——Karl Marx, Frederick Engels. Marx & Engels COLLECTED Works,vol.6, London: Lawrence & Wishart,2010,p.487.

　　生产的不断变革，一切社会状况不停的动荡，永远的不安定和变动，这就是资产阶级时代不同于过去一切时代的地方。一切固定的僵化的关系以及与之相适应的素被尊崇的观念和见解都被消除了，一切新形成的关系等不到固定下来就陈旧了。一切固定的东西都烟消云散了，一切神圣的东西都被亵渎了。

　　——摘自《共产党宣言》，人民出版社，2018年，第30-31页。

　　Constant revolutionising of production, uninterrupteddisturbance of all social conditions, everlasting uncertainty andagitation distinguish the bourgeois epoch from all earlier ones. Allfixed, fast-frozen relations, with their train of ancient and venerableprejudices and opinions, are swept away, all new-formed onesbecome antiquated before they can ossify.

　　——Karl Marx, Frederick Engels. Marx & Engels COLLECTED Works,vol.6, London: Lawrence & Wishart,2010,p.487.

　　资产阶级在它的不到一百年的阶级统治中所创造的生产力，比过去一切世代创造的全部生产力还要多，还要大。

　　——摘自《共产党宣言》，人民出版社，2018年，第32页。

　　The bourgeoisie, during its rule of scarce one hundred years, hascreated more massive and more colossal productive forces than haveall preceding generations together.

　　——Karl Marx, Frederick Engels. Marx & Engels COLLECTED Works,vol.6, London: Lawrence & Wishart,2010,p.489.

　　资产阶级用来推翻了封建制度的武器，现在却对准资产阶级自己了。

　　但是，资产阶级不仅锻造了置自身于死地的武器；它还产生了将要运用这种武器的人——现代的工人，即无产者。

　　——摘自《共产党宣言》，人民出版社，2018年，第34页。

　　The weapons with which the bourgeoisie felled feudalism to the ground are now turned against the bourgeoisie itself.

　　But not only has the bourgeoisie forged the weapons that bringdeath to itself; it has also called into existence the men who are towield those weapons—the modern working class—the proletarians.

　　——Karl Marx, Frederick Engels. Marx & Engels COLLECTED Works,vol.6, London: Lawrence & Wishart,2010,p.490.

　　至今发生过的一切运动都是少数人的，或者为少数人谋利益的运动。无产阶级的运动是绝大多数人的，为绝大多数人谋利益的独立的运动。无产阶级，现代社会的最下层，如果不炸毁构成官方社会的整个上层，就不能抬起头来，挺起胸来。

　　——摘自《共产党宣言》，人民出版社，2018年，第39页。

　　All previous historical movements were movements of minorities, or in the interest of minorities. The proletarian movement is the self-conscious, independent movement of the immense majority, in the interest of the immense majority. The proletariat, the lowest stratum of our present society, cannot stir, cannot raise itself up, without the whole superincumbent strata of official society being sprung into the air.

　　——Karl Marx, Frederick Engels. Marx & Engels COLLECTED Works,vol.6, London: Lawrence & Wishart,2010,p.495.

　　共产党人同其他无产阶级政党不同的地方只是：一方面，在无产者不同的民族的斗争中，共产党人强调和坚持整个无产阶级共同的不分民族的利益；另一方面，在无产阶级和资产阶级的斗争所经历的各个发展阶段上，共产党人始终代表整个运动的利益。

　　——摘自《共产党宣言》，人民出版社，2018年，第41页。

　　The Communists are distinguished from the other working-class parties by this only: 1. In the national struggles of the proletarians of the different countries, they point out and bring to the front the common interests of the entire proletariat, independently of all nationality. 2. In the various stages of development which the struggle of the working class against the bourgeoisie has to pass through, they always and everywhere represent the interests of the movement as a whole.

　　——Karl Marx, Frederick Engels. Marx & Engels COLLECTED Works,vol.6, London: Lawrence & Wishart,2010,p.497.

　　共产党人的最近目的是和其他一切无产阶级政党的最近目的一样的：使无产阶级形成为阶级，推翻资产阶级的统治，由无产阶级夺取政权。

　　——摘自《共产党宣言》，人民出版社，2018年，第41页。

　　The immediate aim of the Communists is the same as that of all theother proletarian parties: formation of the proletariat into a class,overthrow of the bourgeois supremacy, conquest of political powerby the proletariat.

　　——Karl Marx, Frederick Engels. Marx & Engels COLLECTED Works,vol.6, London: Lawrence & Wishart,2010,p.498.

　　从这个意义上说，共产党人可以把自己的理论概括为一句话：消灭私有制。

　　——摘自《共产党宣言》，人民出版社，2018年，第42页。

　　In this sense, the theory of the Communists may be summed up in the single sentence: Abolition of private property.

　　——Karl Marx, Frederick Engels. Marx & Engels COLLECTED Works,vol.6, London: Lawrence & Wishart,2010,p.498.

　　共产主义的特征并不是要废除一般的所有制，而是要废除资产阶级的所有制。

　　——摘自《共产党宣言》，人民出版社，2018年，第42页。

　　The distinguishing feature of Communism is not the abolition ofproperty generally, but the abolition of bourgeois property.

　　——Karl Marx, Frederick Engels. Marx & Engels COLLECTED Works,vol.6, London: Lawrence & Wishart,2010,p.498.

　　资产阶级的婚姻实际上是公妻制。人们至多只能责备共产党人，说他们想用正式的、公开的公妻制来代替伪善地掩蔽着的公妻制。其实，不言而喻，随着现在的生产关系的消灭，从这种关系中产生的公妻制，即正式的和非正式的卖淫，也就消失了。

　　——摘自《共产党宣言》，人民出版社，2018年，第47页。

　　Bourgeois marriage is in reality a system of wives in common and thus, at the most, what the Communists might possibly bereproached with, is that they desire to introduce, in substitution for ahypocritically concealed, an openly legalised community of women. For the rest, it is self-evident that the abolition of the present systemof production must bring with it the abolition of the community ofwomen springing from that system, i.e., of prostitution both publicand private.

　　——Karl Marx, Frederick Engels. Marx & Engels COLLECTED Works,vol.6, London: Lawrence & Wishart,2010,p.502.

　　工人没有祖国。决不能剥夺他们所没有的东西。因为无产阶级首先必须取得政治统治，上升为民族的阶级，把自身组织成为民族，所以它本身还是民族的，虽然完全不是资产阶级所理解的那种意思。

　　——摘自《共产党宣言》，人民出版社，2018年，第47页。

　　The working men have no country. We cannot take from them what they have not got. Since the proletariat must first of all acquire political supremacy, must rise to be the leading class of the nation, must constitute itself the nation, it is so far, itself national, though not in the bourgeois sense of the word.

　　——Karl Marx, Frederick Engels. Marx & Engels COLLECTED Works,vol.6, London: Lawrence & Wishart,2010,p.503.

　　前面我们已经看到，工人革命的第一步就是使无产阶级上升为统治阶级，争得民主。

　　无产阶级将利用自己的政治统治，一步一步地夺取资产阶级的全部资本，把一切生产工具集中在国家即组织成为统治阶级的无产阶级手里，并且尽可能快地增加生产力的总量。

　　——摘自《共产党宣言》，人民出版社，2018年，第49页。

　　We have seen above, that the first step in the revolution by the working class is to raise the proletariat to the position of ruling class, to win the battle of democracy. The proletariat will use its political supremacy to wrest, by degrees, all capital from the bourgeoisie, to centralise all instruments of production in the hands of the State, i.e., of the proletariat organised as the ruling class; and to increase the total of productive forces as rapidly as possible.

　　——Karl Marx, Frederick Engels. Marx & Engels COLLECTED Works,vol.6, London: Lawrence & Wishart,2010,p.504.

　　代替那存在着阶级和阶级对立的资产阶级旧社会的，将是这样一个联合体，在那里，每个人的自由发展是一切人的自由发展的条件。

　　——摘自《共产党宣言》，人民出版社，2018年，第51页。

　　In place of the old bourgeois society, with its classes and class antagonisms, we shall have an association, in which the free development of each is the condition for the free development of all.

　　——Karl Marx, Frederick Engels. Marx & Engels COLLECTED Works,vol.6, London: Lawrence & Wishart,2010,p.506.

　　共产党人不屑于隐瞒自己的观点和意图。他们公开宣布：他们的目的只有用暴力推翻全部现存的社会制度才能达到。让统治阶级在共产主义革命面前发抖吧。无产者在这个革命中失去的只是锁链。他们获得的将是整个世界。

　　——摘自《共产党宣言》，人民出版社，2018年，第65页。

　　The Communists disdain to conceal their views and aims. They openly declare that their ends can be attained only by the forcible overthrow of all existing social conditions. Let the ruling classes tremble at a Communistic revolution. The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains. They have a world to win.

　　——Karl Marx, Frederick Engels. Marx & Engels COLLECTED Works,vol.6, London: Lawrence & Wishart,2010,p.519.

　　End

　　撰稿 | 靳璐王富军