《阿根廷儿科档案》发表了阿根廷Río Cuarto国立大学自然科学系遗传与环境性突变组团队论文《评估Córdoba省暴露于农药儿童遗传物质损伤水平》揭示：暴露于农药的一组儿童的遗传损伤，比未暴露组儿童高44%。这些转基因大豆种植区域最普遍使用的农药为草甘膦、氯氰菊酯与毒死蜱。居住在农药喷洒区域500米距离以内受暴露的50位儿童中，有20位（40%）有不同程度持久性症状，如重复打喷嚏、呼吸窘迫、咳嗽、支气管痉挛、皮肤瘙痒或污迹、鼻子瘙痒或流血、流泪、眼睛和耳朵灼热或瘙痒。未暴露于农药的儿童没有一个有这些持久性症状。研究者们结论：“这些儿童如此小阶段期间环境性因素暴露影响的证据如此强，使我们必须采取所有可能努力消除对怀孕妇女与儿童的这些暴露，以便保护他们现在与未来的健康。”

　　Children in GM soy-growing area of Argentina have genetic damage

　　阿根廷转基因大豆种植区域儿童遗传损伤

　　http://us6.campaign-archive1.com/?u=29cbc7e6c21e0a8fd2a82aeb8&id=bdd2dc90c9

　　Original media article in Spanish:

　　http://www.lavoz.com.ar/ciudadanos/unrc-detectan-dano-genetico-en-ninos-expuestos-plaguicidas

　　Highlight: Damage to DNA is 44% higher than in unexposed children.

　　要点：与未暴露于农药儿童相比，转基因大豆种植区域儿童DNA损伤多44%！

　　Children exposed to pesticides sprayed in a GM soy-producing region of Argentina have genetic damage, a team of researchers from the National University of Río Cuarto, Cordoba (UNRC), found in a new study.

　　阿根廷转基因大豆种植区域暴露于农药喷洒的儿童有遗传损伤，阿根廷Río Cuarto国立大学的学者团队在一项新的研究中发现。

　　The study compared 50 children living in the town of Marcos Juárez (Córdoba) at different distances from pesticide-sprayed areas with 25 children from the city of Río Cuarto (Córdoba), who were considered not to be exposed to pesticides.

　　该项研究对居住在Córdoba 省Marcos Juárez镇离开农药喷洒区域不同距离的50位儿童，与Córdoba省Río Cuarto市不暴露于农药的25位儿童，进行了比较。

　　阿根廷学者的论文

　　Assessment of the level of damage to the genetic material of children exposed to pesticides in the province of Córdoba

　　Natalia Gentile, B.S., Fernando Mañas, M.D., Álvaro Méndez, M.D., Nora Gorla, M.D., and Delia Aiassa, M.D. Arch Argent Pediatr 2015;113(2):126-132

　　Natalia Gentile et al.，评估Córdoba省暴露于农药儿童遗传物质损伤水平，阿根廷儿科档案，2015;113(2):126-132

　　http://www.scielo.org.ar/pdf/aap/v113n2/en_v113n2a09.pdf

　　Genetic damage in the group of exposed children in Marcos Juárez was 44% higher than in the unexposed children in Río Cuarto.

　　Marcos Juárez镇暴露于农药的一组儿童的遗传损伤，比未暴露的Río Cuarto市的未暴露组儿童高44%。

　　The most commonly used pesticides in the region are glyphosate, cypermethrin, and chlorpyrifos.

　　转基因大豆种植区域最普遍使用的农药为草甘膦、氯氰菊酯与毒死蜱。

　　A significant difference was found between exposed children living less than 500m from areas subjected to spraying and those who were not exposed.

　　居住离农药喷洒区500米以内距离内受暴露的儿童与未受暴露的儿童之间有显著差别。

　　Forty percent of exposed children suffered some type of persistent condition, which may be associated with chronic exposure to pesticides.

　　受暴露的儿童中40%的儿童遭受某种类型持久性健康状况，可能与慢性暴露于农药相关。

　　Of the exposed children, 20 (40%) had varying persistent symptoms, such as repetitive sneezing, respiratory distress, cough, bronchospasm, skin itching or stains, nose itching or bleeding, lacrimation, and eye and ear burning or itching.

　　受暴露的50位儿童中，有20位（40%）有不同程度持久性症状，如重复打喷嚏、呼吸窘迫、咳嗽、支气管痉挛、皮肤瘙痒或污迹、鼻子瘙痒或流血、流泪、眼睛和耳朵灼热或瘙痒。

　　None of the children who had not been exposed described any persistent symptoms.

　　未暴露于农药的儿童没有一个有这些持久性症状。

　　The level of genetic damage detected in this experiment is reversible, so the authors suggested that the children should be followed up to establish whether biological markers of cell damage continue to be present.

　　该项研究中检测到的遗传损伤属于不可逆遗传损伤，作者们为此提议对这些儿童健康状况随其成长跟踪检测，确定他们的细胞损伤生物标记是否继续存在。

　　The study was conducted by Delia Aiassa, Fernando Mañas, Natalí Bernardi, Natalia Gentile, Álvaro Méndez, Dardo Roma and Nora Gorla. All are members of the Genetic and Environmental Mutagenesis Group (GEMA) at the Department of Natural Sciences Faculty of the UNRC.

　　该项研究的学者为Delia Aiassa、Fernando Mañas、Natalí Bernardi、Natalia Gentile、Álvaro Méndez、Dardo Roma与Nora Gorla。他们都是阿根廷Río Cuarto国立大学自然科学系遗传与环境性突变组（GEMA）的成员。

　　The lead researcher, Delia Aiassa, said she chose to study children because they are still developing, and genetic damage at this age can influence their health as adults.

　　领衔的研究者德里雅·爱阿萨说，她们选择研究儿童，是因为儿童还在发育中，而这个年龄的遗传损伤将影响他们成年的健康。

　　"Among the adverse effects that can be studied in children exposed to various environmental hazards, cytogenetic damage [damage to the structure and function of the cell, especially chromosomes] received special attention after it was shown that increased frequency of DNA damage to chromosomes in childhood is predictive of the development of cancer in adults," Aiassa said.

　　“对于暴露于不同环境性危害儿童中的负面影响中，基因损伤（对细胞结构与功能的损伤，特别对染色体的损伤）引起了特别关注，因为已经显示，儿童阶段对染色体的DNA损伤频率提高可以预测他们成年后将发展癌症”，爱阿萨说。

　　Aiassa said that environmental effects that may arise many years, even decades, after exposure, can be monitored in childhood through cytogenetic studies.

　　爱阿萨说，暴露于多年以至数十年期间逐渐增高的环境性影响后，可以通过细胞毒性研究在儿童期进行监控。

　　She warned that in adult monitoring, one of the difficult problems to overcome is the effect of confounding factors that interfere with the analysis of the results, such as smoking, alcohol consumption and occupational risk. She stressed that these confounding factors are minimized or even absent in childhood.

　　她提出，在成年人健康监控中，需要难题之一是克服对于监控结果造成干扰的混杂因素的影响，例如抽烟、烈性酒与职业性风险。她强调，在儿童期中，这些混杂因素最大化减少以至不存在。

　　Nonetheless, children whose parents or relatives were smokers, consumed coffee or tea in excess, used medication for chronic diseases, had been exposed to X-rays in the past 6 months, or had been exposed to contaminants in drinking water or to other environmental pollutants close to their place of residence, were excluded because they were considered confounding factors.

　　尽管如此，凡父母或亲戚抽烟、大量喝咖啡或茶、接受慢性病治疗、过去六个月接受过X光检查，暴露于受污染饮水或居住附近处有其他环境性污染，这样情况儿童的数据被排除掉，因为这些因素被考虑为混杂性因素。

　　The researchers concluded, “Evidence of the effects of environmental exposure at an early age is so strong that all possible efforts should be made to eliminate such exposures in pregnant women and children, to protect their present and future health.”

　　研究者们结论：“这些儿童如此小阶段期间环境性因素暴露影响的证据如此强，使我们必须采取所有可能努力消除对怀孕妇女与儿童的这些暴露，以便保护他们现在与未来的健康。”

　　Sources

　　信息来源：

　　Media article in Spanish:

　　西班牙文媒体报道：

　　http://www.lavoz.com.ar/ciudadanos/unrc-detectan-dano-genetico-en-ninos-expuestos-plaguicidas

　　Study in English:

　　因为的论文pdf文件下载链接：

　　http://www.scielo.org.ar/pdf/aap/v113n2/en_v113n2a09.pdf

　　Assessment of the level of damage to the genetic material of children exposed to pesticides in the province of Córdoba

　　Natalia Gentile, B.S., Fernando Mañas, M.D., Álvaro Méndez, M.D., Nora Gorla, M.D., and Delia Aiassa, M.D.，Arch Argent Pediatr 2015;113(2):126-132

　　Natalia Gentile et al.，评估Córdoba省暴露于农药儿童遗传物质损伤水平，阿根廷儿科档案，2015;113(2):126-132

　　http://www.scielo.org.ar/pdf/aap/v113n2/en_v113n2a09.pdf

　　ABSTRACT

　　摘要

　　Introduction.

　　引言

　　In the past decades, several authors have investigated the genotoxicity caused by exposure to chemicals, but there are no reports on studies analyzing such effects on children in Argentina. The objective of this study was to establish the micronucleus frequency in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells in children from urban areas with environmental exposure (through inhalation) and to compare it with the micronucleus frequency in children from urban regions far from areas subjected to spraying.

　　过去几十年，数位作者对暴露于化学品造成的细胞毒性进行过研究，但是没有报告对于阿根廷儿童这种影响进行分析的研究。该项研究的目的是，确认市镇有环境性暴露（通过吸入）地区儿童中颊黏膜脱落细胞中微核频率，并且与远离喷洒农药市镇地区儿童中的微核频率进行比较。

　　Population and Methods.

　　人群与方法

　　Fifty children living in the town of Marcos Juárez (Córdoba) at different distances from pesticide spraying areas and twenty-five children from the city of Río Cuarto (Córdoba), who are considered not exposed to pesticides, were studied; the micronucleus assay in buccal mucosa cells was used.

　　对于Córdoba省Marcos Juárez镇距离农药喷洒区域不同距离的50位儿童，以及居住在Córdoba省Río Cuarto市认为不暴露于农药的25位儿童进行了研究；在颊粘膜细胞中使用微核测定。

　　Results.

　　结果

　　A significant difference was observed between exposed children living less than 500m from areas subjected to spraying and those who were not exposed. Forty percent of exposed children suffer some type of persistent condition, which may be associated with chronic exposure to pesticides.

　　居住在农药喷洒区域500米以内处对农药有所暴露儿童与没有农药喷洒暴露儿童之间观察到显著差别。受暴露儿童的40%遭受某种类型持久性健康危害状况，可能与慢性暴露于农药关联。

　　Conclusions.

　　结论

　　Results indicate that genotoxicity is present in a group of children compared to the other one, and highlight the importance of the micronucleus assay in buccal mucosa cells for genetic biomonitoring and public health surveillance. This assay is capable of detecting a level of damage that can be reversible.

　　研究结果表明，与另外一组儿童相比，暴露于农药喷洒儿童组中存在细胞毒性，凸显生物监测和公共卫生监测中在颊黏膜细胞微核测定基因的重要性。这种检测具有检测还有可能逆变恢复的水平的损伤。