顾秀林：转基因失败的铁证与中国继续出口转基因大米

两则消息：一、孟山都的抗虫玉米失效，华尔街时报报道；二、中国继续出口非法Bt63大米

一、华尔街时报报道：孟山都的抗虫玉米失效（8-29），下面是网页截图。

http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424053111904009304576532742267732046.html

 孟山都的这个抗虫玉米品种，SmartStax,也属于Bt类，目标害虫是rootworm；该“生物技术”玉米中所含的抗虫毒蛋白，是Cry3Bb1，今天全美国1/3的玉米都是这个品种了——我们看到，新技术推广在美国是多么有效和有力，他们真的是依靠生物技术种田啊——中国的转基因主流利益集团正在向你们看齐哈，快马加鞭地追，追。

可是这次科学给了技术一个“出乎意料”：种植这种玉米3年以上的地方，靶标昆虫表现出了抗性——仅仅需要3年。

美国的玉米地像海洋一样辽阔，美国伊利诺伊大学和衣阿华大学的昆虫学家发现，种了抗虫转基因玉米的田地里，已经有了靶标害虫的危害。推广转基因玉米种植，开始是很受农民欢迎的，种地没有虫害该多么惬意！孟山都再次推出包含两种抗虫毒蛋白的新品种，打算修改原本20%的害虫避难所规定，把它降低到5%！修改管理条例需要做例行研究，受委托的科学家走到玉米大田里，却发现靶标昆虫已经产生了抗性！

种植抗虫的“生物技术”玉米新品种，在美国农业中引发的改变之一，是停止倒茬轮作——农场依赖上了高科技，就连续多年种植同一种庄稼——转基因的玉米没有害虫没有杂草，还怕什么呢？过去美国农场是玉米和大豆一年一换，这就是倒茬，这样可以很容易地消灭杂草、控制害虫，这一点天下的农民都知道。然而有了生物技术以后呢，倒茬用不着了，就是想倒茬也不能了——为什么？首先怪转基因大豆。转基因大豆抗除草剂，所以就可以放心地喷那“见绿杀”【中国农民对草甘膦“农达”的昵称】，农产品中的残留，被当做无害的成分吃到人和动物的肚子里，残留在土壤中的草甘膦，继续“见绿就杀”。农达残留过高的土地，种不了抗虫的玉米，只能继续种转基因大豆，种玉米的土地，也就不能倒茬了。

转基因的伪生物技术，将带给人类无边的灾难。这个灾难缓慢地、无声息地逼近我们。美国的“玉米带”，在高科技的推动下，正在培育超级虫。

种植转基因大豆的美国20个州，已经培育出几十种抗除草剂的超级草。生物技术调动起生态环境中的“变革”热潮，生物在加速演化。

华尔街时报说了超级虫有可能出现，可连美国环保署都不同意【孟山都更不会同意】，它认为下结论为时过早——是的，下结论还需要更多的证据，不幸，这证据将是农业受到损害的证据，是超级草、超级虫的大量涌现，而不是在实验室或者试验田里的那种证据。

转基因这科学、这技术很神奇、很新潮，它所需要的有害性“科学”证明，是满世界活着的有抗性的超级草、超级虫，还有吃死掉的人。

转基因的抗虫、抗除草剂的技术，全都失败了。中国的Bt水稻如果被中国禁止，转基因在全球的高歌猛进，就会偃旗息鼓了。

下面是华尔街时报的文章，我转帖，没有用于商业目的；作者的联系方式也在下面。 

 By SCOTT KILMAN
Widely grown corn plants that Monsanto Co. genetically modified to thwart a voracious bug are falling prey to that very pest in a few Iowa fields, the first time a major Midwest scourge has developed resistance to a genetically modified crop.

The discovery raises concerns that the way some farmers are using biotech crops could spawn superbugs.

Iowa State University entomologist Aaron Gassmann's discovery that western corn rootworms in four northeast Iowa fields have evolved to resist the natural pesticide made by Monsanto's corn plant could encourage some farmers to switch to insect-proof seeds sold by competitors of the St. Louis crop biotechnology giant, and to return to spraying harsher synthetic insecticides on their fields.

"These are isolated cases, and it isn't clear how widespread the problem will become," said Dr. Gassmann in an interview. "But it is an early warning that management practices need to change."

The finding adds fuel to the race among crop biotechnology rivals to locate the next generation of genes that can protect plants from insects. Scientists at Monsanto and Syngenta AG of Basel, Switzerland, are already researching how to use a medical breakthrough called RNA interference to, among other things, make crops deadly for insects to eat. If this works, a bug munching on such a plant could ingest genetic code that turns off one of its essential genes.

Monsanto said its rootworm-resistant corn seed lines are working as it expected "on more than 99% of the acres planted with this technology" and that it is too early to know what the Iowa State University study means for farmers.

The discovery comes amid a debate about whether the genetically modified crops that now saturate the Farm Belt are changing how some farmers operate in undesirable ways.

These insect-proof and herbicide-resistant crops make farming so much easier that many growers rely heavily on the technology, violating a basic tenet of pest management, which warns that using one method year after year gives more opportunity for pests to adapt.

Monsanto is already at the center of this issue because of its success since the 1990s marketing seeds that grow into crops that can survive exposure to its Roundup herbicide, a glyphosate-based chemical known for its ability to kill almost anything green.

These seeds made it so convenient for farmers to spray Roundup that many farmers stopped using other weedkillers. As a result, say many scientists, superweeds immune to Roundup have spread to millions of acres in more than 20 states in the South and Midwest.

Monsanto became the first company to sell rootworm-resistant biotech corn to farmers in 2003. The seed contains a gene from a common soil microorganism called Bacillus thuringiensis, or Bt, from which crop biotechnology has been used to mine several genes for making insecticidal proteins.

One of the genes Monsanto developed makes a crystalline protein called Cry3Bb1. It rips apart the gut of the rootworm but is harmless to mammals, birds and most beneficial insects. Competitors, which use other Bt genes to attack the rootworm, estimate that roughly one-third of the corn grown in the U.S. carries Monsanto's Cry3Bb1 gene.

Monsanto said it generated world-wide sales of $4.26 billion from corn seed and biotechnology traits, about 40% of its overall sales, in its last full year.

Until insecticide-producing corn plants arrived, Midwest farmers typically tried to keep pests like the corn borer and the rootworm in check by changing what they grew in a field each year, often rotating between corn and soybeans. That way, the offspring of corn-loving insects would starve the next year.

Some farmers began to plant corn in the same field year after year. The financial incentive to grow corn has increased in recent years in part because the ethanol-fuel industry's exploding appetite for corn has helped to lift prices to very profitable levels for growers.

According to Dr. Gassmann, the Iowa fields in which he found rootworms resistant to the Cry3Bb1 toxin had been producing Monsanto's Bt-expressing corn continuously for at least three years. Dr. Gassmann collected rootworm beetles from four Iowa cornfields with plant damage in 2009. Their larvae were then fed corn containing Monsanto's Cry3Bb1 toxin. They had a survival rate three times that of control larvae that ate the same corn.

Dr. Gassmann found that Monsanto's Bt toxin still had some lethal impact on the larvae from the problem Iowa fields, and that the bugs were still highly susceptible to a rootworm-resistant corn plant from a competitor that uses a different Bt toxin, called Cry34/35Ab1.

Scientists in other Farm Belt states are also looking for signs that Monsanto's Bt corn might be losing its effectiveness. Mike Gray, a University of Illinois entomologist, said he is studying rootworm beetles he collected in northwest Illinois earlier this month from fields where Monsanto's Bt-expressing corn had suffered extensive rootworm damage.

The government requires that farmers who plant the genetically modified corn take certain steps aimed at preventing insects from developing resistance. Farmers are told to create a refuge for the bugs by planting non-modified corn in part of their fields. The refuge, which can be as much as 20% of a farmer's field, is supposed to reduce the chances that two toxin-resistant bugs mate and pass along that trait to their offspring.

Dr. Gray said the confirmation of toxin-resistant rootworms in Iowa could force the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to revisit its policy of allowing the size of these insect refuges to shrink to as little as 5% of a cornfield as crop biotechnology companies begin to sell seed for corn plants that can make two different rootworm-killing toxins.

Part of what has attracted some farmers to Monsanto's new SmartStax corn line is that it allows them to plant a smaller refuge. But one of the two anti-rootworm toxins in that variety is the Cry3Bb1 protein at the center of Dr. Gassmann's study.

The EPA said it is too early to comment on any implications arising from Dr. Gassmann's paper.

Write to Scott Kilman at scott.kilman@wsj.com

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 二、欧盟最新食品安全通报：中国出口的“意式米粉”中再次发现非法的转基因成分，即张启发的那个“Bt63”.这至少是第116次在中国出口大米制品中被检出这个“张氏转基因”了。转基因的“Bt63”，把中国媒体和转基因利益集团的脸皮练成了一个超级品种，刀枪不入。张启发对中国的毒害，无论怎样估计都不为过！一个人的毒害能有如此之深广，只有靠现代的高科技才能实现。所以，科学如果真的是第一生产力，它一定在同时也是第一破坏力，这样理解高科技，才符合辩证法。

自从曹明华的文章在文汇报上刊发以来，仅仅一个多月，张启发这个身家千万元的大科霸亲自经营的华农，也开始发出了轻轻的质疑——转基因水稻技术，看起来真的是有问题的啊！

轻轻的质疑，离开有力的行动，还有很长的距离。

下面是数据。感谢青岛中安信食品安全技术有限公司。

翻译： 青岛中安信食品安全技术有限公司

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